Document Type
Journal Article
Department/Unit
School of Chinese Medicine
Title
β-Ionone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human prostate tumor cells
Language
English
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase is the rate-limiting activity in the mevalonate pathway that provides essential intermediates for posttranslational modification of growth-associated proteins. Assorted dietary isoprenoids found in plant foods suppress HMG CoA reductase and have cancer chemopreventive activity. β-Ionone, a cyclic sesquiterpene and an end-ring analog of β-carotene, induced concentration-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of human DU145 (IC50 = 210 μmol/L) and LNCaP (IC50 = 130 μmol/L) prostate carcinoma cells and PC-3 prostate adenocarcinoma cells (IC50 = 130 μmol/L). Concomitantly, β-ionone-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase in DU145 and PC-3 cells were shown by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and TUNEL reaction, and downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) and cyclin D1 proteins. Growth suppression was accompanied by β-ionone-induced downregulation of reductase protein. A blend of β-ionone (150 μmol/L) and trans, trans-farnesol (25 μmol/L), an acyclic sesquiterpene that putatively initiates the degradation of reductase, suppressed the net growth of DU145 cells by 73%, an impact exceeding the sum of those of β-ionone (36%) and farnesol (22%), suggesting a synergistic effect. β-ionone, individually or in combination with other HMG CoA reductase suppressors, may have potential in prostate cancer chemoprevention and/or therapy. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Publication Date
2013
Source Publication Title
Nutrition and Cancer
Volume
65
Issue
4
Start Page
600
End Page
610
Publisher
Taylor & Francis
DOI
10.1080/01635581.2013.776091
Link to Publisher's Edition
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2013.776091
ISSN (print)
01635581
ISSN (electronic)
15327914
APA Citation
Jones, S., Fernandes, N., Yeganehjoo, H., Katuru, R., Qu, H., Yu, Z., & Mo, H. (2013). β-Ionone induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human prostate tumor cells. Nutrition and Cancer, 65 (4), 600-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2013.776091